Summary:Our unit is about the elements of life. This unit is about teaching about what bonds make up our body and what they do to help us. Also, were going to teach about what elements and what atoms are around us and in us.Also, in this unit, there is information about what chemicals are essential for life.
glossary of unit terms:
acid: compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution
activation energy: chemists term to call energy that is needed to get a reaction started
adhesion: an attraction between molecules of the same substance
amino acid: compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
atom: basic unit of matter
base: compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution
buffer: weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
carbohydrate: compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
catalyst: a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
chemical reaction: process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another
cohesion: an attraction between molecules of the same substance
compound: substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
covalent bond: bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
electron: negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
element: substance consisting entirely of one type of atom
enzyme: proteins that act as biological catalysts
ion: atom that has a positive or negative charge
ionic bond: bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
isotope: atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element
lipid: macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
nucleus: the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activties
mixture: a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
molecule: smallest unit of most compounds
monomer: small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
monosaccharide: single sugar molecule
nucleic acid: macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
nucleotide: monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
pH scale: measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
polymer: large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
polysaccharide: large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides
product: elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
protein: macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
reactant: elements or compunds that enter into a chemical reaction
ribonucleic acid (RNA): single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
solute: substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
solution: mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substance are evenly distributed
solvent: substance in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
substrate: reactants of enzyme
suspension: mixture of water and nondissolved materials
van der Waals forces: a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
Chemistry-Biochemistry
Unit objectives:Summary:Our unit is about the elements of life. This unit is about teaching about what bonds make up our body and what they do to help us. Also, were going to teach about what elements and what atoms are around us and in us.Also, in this unit, there is information about what chemicals are essential for life.
glossary of unit terms: